In this post, we’ll explore some of these factors and discover the best lip eczema treatments. Use a virgin, cold-pressed coconut oil for optimal results. Is it contagious? While badly chapped lips are caused by dryness, there are a number of different factors that trigger lip eczema. You are more likely to suffer more or get additional symptoms if an infection occurs. Applying some pure... 3. By eliminating your contact with harsh toxins, you reduce the likelihood that your skin will flare-up because of a bad reaction. These are the home remedies and some changes you can consider for eczema on lips: Clean the lip area with plain water If necessary, use a soap that contains only natural ingredients Take oatmeal baths, as these can really help with the itchiness The cause of ec… Laura is a contributor and content developer for It’s An Itchy Little World. You Should Keep Your Baby Free from Skin Peeling! For instance, a cold sore can be signaled by a burning, itchy sensation when the infection starts. It … Lip eczema which is a kind of eczema that occurs on or near the lips, leads to redness, cracking, inflammation and severe itching. Possesses antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Coconut Oil – It’s no secret that coconut oil provides soothing relief for inflamed or irritated skin as it is found in a variety of natural treatments. Sometimes a thin section of the mucosal area may be affected. 2. These include carrot seed oil, lavender oil, and chamomile oil. Then all of a sudden I noticed my top lip was itchy and felt dry and tight but nothing was there then I started noticing that my upper lip looked chapped. As noted from the symptoms, some types of eczema can dry out the lip skin and mouth. Please let us know in the comments and share this with a friend who could use this eczema advice! You can also use remedies to deal with various symptoms. Massage in to the lips and leave overnight. For proper identification, you would see a physician. DIY or home remedies to deal with eczema on the lip Lip eczema is definitive on specific symptoms and the changes likely to occur in terms of the symptoms experienced. However, the exact cause of lip eczema is often unknown. These medicines are of worth when it comes to dealing with atopic cheilitis. On the other hand, allergic contact dermatitis is an immune initiated response to specific substances such as: Allergic contact cheilitis or eczematous cheilitis is contact dermatitis that affects mainly the borders areas or vermilion margin on lips. Itchy elbows? This problem can feature in babies and young children through various ways. Eczema (also known as dermatitis) is an increasingly common skin condition, with 1 in 9 people suffering from eczema at some point in their lives.. Whilst eczema on the skin and scalp is somewhat common, it can also affect the lips, where it's particularly uncomfortable and causes redness, dryness and flaking. I have been using Aquaphor lip protectant and Aloe Vera gel. doctor gave me steroids but effect stops as soon i stop apply them, she gave me flutivate oinment. Eczematous cheilitis is simply eczema on the lips. 4. Keeping your lips moist with lotions, lip balm, and moisturizer can help manage the itchiness … Itchy elbows? Follow-us on our journey to itch-free, sneeze-free, wheeze-free days! This is influenced by hereditary factors such as inherited genes. Aloe vera gel is derived from … Home Remedies To Get Rid Of Lip Eczema. Apply the cream after bathing, but before applying moisturizer or other products to the skin. Its an Itchy Little World features natural remedies for eczema, allergies and asthma that work based on our family’s experience in battling these conditions using an integrative approach. – Natural and nourishing are the words we use to describe this soothing lip balm. This symptom is culpable when felt by the tongue. Therefore, we can say eczema or lip dermatitis is an inflammation of the lips that is presented as redness with dryness and scaly appearance. It can affect the skin next to the lips as well as the vermillion border (the line of demarcation between the lip and the adjacent normal skin). Pure petroleum jelly is amongst the best bets. “I just want to say thank you so much for your articles! Witch hazel. It’s the perfect scrub solution for dry lips. Itchy eyelids? You can use home remedies such as coconut oil, castor oil, and milk cream among others to treat eczema. Use brown sugar or cane sugar to get effective results. Organic Manuka Skin-Soothing Cream – Containing only six ingredients, this creamy balm is soothing for all types for eczema. It may also be called lip dermatitis. It also features related news and stories from guest bloggers and industry professionals. Redness is a common sign. Apply cold pressed coconut oil on the lips to get relief as it can act as a great moisturizer. This is known as angular cheilitis. For some, it’s a result of environmental factors such as chemicals found in lip products. We find the lip salve tins really useful for use on the move and as a purse-sized option. Eczema on Lip Home Remedies Alternatively, if you are looking to treat your eczema on lips immediately, you can use the following home ingredients for relief: Sugar—perfect to use as a scrub if you are suffering from dry lips. A few symptoms may accompany eczema. For optimal results, use a virgin, cold pressed coconut oil. Do you suffer from lip eczema? Also Read: Natural Remedies for Dengue Prevention and Treatment At Home. You can visit your doctor for prescriptions that can help to … There are creams and balms made for the purpose of relieving symptoms such as inflammation and itching around the lips. For others, it’s due to genetics. – Aloe Vera is well-known for its cooling effect on red, itchy skin. do you know ny effective homeopathic or ayurvedic medicine that can help? Common irritant (contact dermatitis) substances include. If your lip skin is also dry, it could lead to peeling. Symptoms of Eczema on lips Jojoba oil tends to be one of the gentlest plant-based oil for skin care. 2. Lip eczema, also known as lip dermatitis, is a skin condition characterized by severe dryness, redness, and scaling of the lips. In addition, chemicals tend to dry out your skin which is the last thing you want if you’re suffering from eczema. Coconut oil: Used in a variety of natural treatments. It’s no secret that coconut oil provides relief that is soothing inflamed or irritated skin … There is a lot of pain and discomfort associated with Eczema. Lip Eczema Home Remedies. In this post, we’ll explore some of these factors and, People usually develop eczema around lips or on for different reasons. Keep having 3-5 teaspoons of roasted seeds on a daily basis. I truly hope this helps someone out there! Below is a breakdown of possible causes and factors for the occurrence of this condition. Her comments, suggestions, and reflections are not intended to replace any medical advice. Below are some of the home remedies and top products that you should be using on eczema lips. In most cases, external factors can trigger this problem. Plus, manuka honey is known to have antibacterial properties. What’s been your best treatment for eczema? Plus, manuka honey is known to have antibacterial properties. Essential Oils for Eczema Treatment. Arum triphyllum for eczema treatment . Maybe try that instead of just petroleum jelly. Full Body Permanent Skin Lightening Surgery Info, Dry Skin Around Eyes or Eyelids Causes and Treatments, Treating Big, Painful, Infected Lip Pimples Fast, Dark Spots on Face Causes and Removal Ways, Black or Dark Inner Thighs Lightening Ways and Creams. Lip eczema may appear similar to chapped lips but there are a number of differentiating symptoms to look out for: People usually develop eczema around lips or on for different reasons. The dryness, itchy tight feeling is annoying. The lips may be divided into three zones – the outer zone comprising the skin next to the lips, the vermilion margin and the mucosal aspect. For optimal results, use a virgin, cold pressed coconut oil. Eczema is treatable. Please see It’s An Itchy Little World’s disclaimer for information about affiliate links and more. Because of the olive oil and beeswax, it’s gentle and nourishing and will not cause stinging or burning. My baby has eczema and all the information I’ve obtained here has helped immensely. The raw, bloody surface can appear anywhere on the skin. These oils offer a super protection against dryness and can be used for lip therapy. Instead, drink enough water to keep your body hydrated, Incorporate foods with vitamins A to enhance healing and discourage infections on your skin, Talk to a doctor or nutritionist who can help address your dietary deficiencies, In severe symptoms, avoid spicy foods or acidic foods, Avoid where possible landing yourself in stress or such occasions. While badly chapped lips are caused by dryness, there, . She is in no way a medical professional. Home Remedies for Lip Eczema. It presents as redness, dryness and scaling and can also be called lip dermatitis. Always protect your face sufficiently during hot or cold weather to prevent symptoms from accelerating. Like calendula, it is also anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. Shea butter can be used and applied to affected areas whenever your lips feel dry or as it necessitates. So a bit of an up close & personal video on some of the challenges I deal with in regards to my health. In addition, most essential oils have healing and soothing properties. With only three ingredients, it’s hard to describe it any other way. Finally, there are absolutely no added preservatives or fillers – talk about au natural! The first two areas are the most commonly affected. Sugar can be used as a natural exfoliant to remove dead skin and encourage the growth of healthy new skin. Sample brands include Burt’s Bees Lip Balm, Sooth It Balm, etc. This problem is often identified as an inflammatory skin condition. IMPORTANT: Individuals with allergic concerns should avoid avocado oil for the same purposes. Have you had any luck with home remedies for eczema, or made one of the above? Eczema on the lips is a rather common phenomenon. 1. Shea butter an effective way to treat this problem accompanied with lip dryness. In children particularly, symptoms may appear to worsen in such environmental conditions. Atopic dermatitis is one of the common types of eczema affecting sensitive areas of the skin. No problem – this skin-soothing cream can be applied anywhere on the body. Dermatologists identify it as a kind of hypersensitivity reaction with due to certain allergen sources. Apply this frequently especially when they begin to irritate. As an external factor and trigger this condition, contact dermatitis is attributed to the contact with the skin by an irritating or allergic substance. It is one of the moisturizing natural product you should have at home. One or both corners of the mouth can also show symptoms. Lip eczema, also known as lip dermatitis, is a skin condition characterized by severe dryness, redness, and scaling of the lips. Treatment depends on the cause but may lack an exact cure. Lip eczema is an inflammation of the lips characterized by redness with dryness and scaly appearance. You may even apply shea butter as often as you want to keep away from excessive drying, cracking and crusting of the lips. Prolonged contact and irritation are what leads to a dry, irritating rash around the mouth in babies and young children who habitually lick their lips (lip licker’s dermatitis). … For others, it’s due to genetics. Home Remedies For Eczema – Chamomile. Aloe Vera – Aloe Vera is well-known for its cooling effect on red, itchy skin. If not well diagnosed and treated, there may appear to be scaly with small fissures or cracks. Let us know what treatments or home remedies you use below! Eczema on the Lips Home Remedies 1. Lip and thump licking will become excessive. It is normally characterized by itching and long-lasting rash. Recommended moisturizers should be flavor-free and non-scented. The Best Mittens and Gloves for Eczema on the Hands, 5 “Handy” Ways to Keep Hands Eczema Under Control, Your Guide to Textile Dermatitis: Latex Hypersensitivity & Polyester Allergy, 4 Natural Remedies for Seborrheic Dermatitis (Diet ideas & More). – It’s no secret that coconut oil provides soothing relief for inflamed or irritated skin as it is found in a variety of natural treatments. If using aloe vera, try to stay away from gels as they typically contain alcohol and other drying ingredients that aren’t good for your skin. Here are some of our favourite natural products for treating eczema: 1. Finally, there are absolutely no added preservatives or fillers – talk about au natural! Honey. Shea Butter is an effective way to treat lip eczema and to keep the skin moisturized. My comments, suggestions, and reflections are not intended to take the place of medical advice. Using a larger grain sugar, like brown sugar or cane sugar is always a good idea. However, it can show up to anyone. Causes and Getting Rid of a Sagging Skin on Face, Causes and How to Get Rid of Whiteheads on Forehead, How to Get Rid of Cystic Big Painful Swollen Pimple, Harmful substances in lip care products such as balm. Another symptom that can be frustrating sometimes is itchy feeling or it being really itching. What is Dyshidrotic Eczema and How to Treat It? Another common treatment form for eczema is applying a prescription corticosteroid to deal with redness or inflammation due to itching. One of other effective home remedies for eczema is chamomile. Fatty acids are effective means of dealing with nutrition and will fight and prevent exacerbation. Always seek the help of a medical professional before undertaking any diet or lifestyle changes. I haven’t been diagnosed with it yet, but yesterday I started applying Aquaphor to my lips and it seemed to help a lot. It’s the perfect scrub solution for dry lips. What causes eczema on your lips? Some of the causes we have highlighted can be responsible. Key Ingredients Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid, a medicine that reduces inflammation. If using aloe vera, try to … Get insights into the possible trigger, symptoms treat options as well as how remedies can deal with effects of this condition. Witch hazel is an astringent made from the bark and leaves of the witch hazel shrub. This could lead to dry chapped lips with cracks. You can also use remedies to deal with various symptoms. Itchy knees? Common allergen sources include lip care products and metal casing (Nickel) toothpaste, certain foods, medications, nail varnish, denture cleaner, and latex. Below are some of the home remedies and top products that you should be using on eczema lips. If you’re looking for quick relief for irritated lips,  you can also try these home remedies for lip eczema: 3. Avoid harsh soap solutions during facial cleansing and opt for mild, Find a therapeutic remedy for lip licking, Change your mouthwash or toothpaste after consultation from a dentist, Consider the allergen sources of food that are more likely triggers it, If you have chronic dry lips, stop smoking or use of alcoholic drinks. A person can use aloe vera gel directly from the plant. In order to make this remedy, you need to prepare these things well: 2 or 3 teaspoons of chamomile flowers; A cup of boiling water; A clean cloth While the exact trigger may be unique for each person, here are some common triggers to watch out for: We firmly believe that natural products are the most effective methods for fighting eczema. Eczema on lips is caused by both internal factors and external factors. Following are home remedies and food prescriptions that will help allay the symptoms of eczema effectively: It is an effective way to treat lip eczema and to keep your skin moisturized. Sugar: Acts as a best scrub if you have lip eczema. hi i too suffer form a chronic lip eczema. Flax seeds: Flax seeds have been touted as an excellent reedy for eczema. Always seek the help of a medical professional before undertaking any diet or lifestyle changes. There are several environmental factors associated with the occurrence of eczema. Thank you for stopping by! – Salt can be irritating for eczema, so if you are planning to use a scrub as a lip eczema treatment, we vouch for sugar instead of salt. I sometimes get eczema on the back of arms and sides in the winter but I haven’t had either in many years. In most cases, if reliance on moisturizer does not improve the dryness on lips then you should check with your GP for another option or evaluate the cause. You can even use brown sugar or cane sugar if you prefer a larger grain. Jojoba Jojoba oil is another popular home remedy for eczema. Affected areas may go beyond the lip surface when eczema symptoms flare up or worsen. Again, tests, careful examination, and diagnosis are crucial in revealing clinical features such as allergic reactions or eczema types. Green tea bags. Because of the olive oil and beeswax, it’s gentle and nourishing and will not cause stinging or burning. Like other eczema related conditions, it breaks down to both … It is more noticeable in people with fair skin or complexion. i have been applying petroleum jelly regularly but i don’t see much results. These are as follows. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. For a soothing relief, simply break off a piece of the plant and rub it directly on your lips. Hey guys! Sugar. You probably have to leave it to stay overnight but remember to wash with plain water after you wake up. Like calendula, it is also anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. There is an irritation if saliva is continuously let out of the mouth and left to stay on lips and vermilion. Other environmental conditions such as dry climate can prompt one to start this habit in order to try to moisten them. The external factors or changes environment conditions can also factor in unfavorably leading to it being chronic. Simply massage regularly especially before you sleep. It is one of the moisturizing natural product you should have at home. Use a 1 percent hydrocortisone cream on the lips and mouth area every day to help control lip eczema redness, inflammation and itching. 10. Aloe Vera – Aloe Vera is well-known for its cooling effect on red, itchy skin. Steroid creams are the primary treatment for eczema. Localised parts of the lip may be affected or the entire lip. Shea Butter. Eczematous cheilitis is inflammation of the lips presenting as redness with dryness and scaling. 5. No problem – this skin-soothing cream can be applied anywhere on the body. If using aloe vera, try to stay away from gels as they typically contain alcohol and other drying ingredients that aren’t good for your skin. It may even develop as a result of habitual licking of the lips. NOTE: Always remember that these are only expected symptoms but some health conditions and infections can possibly produce similar symptoms. Application these balm or eczema face creams is recommended after the problem has resolved. They may become literally dry or look dried out especially if the condition is chronic. Calendula is anti-inflammatory and antibacterial as well. Itchy knees? Rose Petals. Flax seeds are an excellent omega 3 fatty acid remedy for this problem. Sometimes finding the curative solution requires one to take down notes on trigger substances used over time and then eliminating them in a systematic manner. Below are some of the recommended treatments for known causes or trigger more so environmental or external cause. These symptoms cause soreness and are painful. For some, it’s a result of, found in lip products. Selection and use of moisturizer should be more cautious. However, dermatologists think its occurrence is due to a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. This treatment is one of the oldest and most effective in the book for how to get rid … Shea butter an effective way to treat this problem accompanied with lip dryness. Organic Calendula Lip Balm – Natural and nourishing are the words we use to describe this soothing lip balm. Thickening is one of the protective mechanisms of skin when there is a chronic inflammation. This acts a good moisturizer with the added benefit of having antibacterial properties. Choose a moisturizer with protective quality such as those with deep oils to prevent cracks. Here are some of the changes and alterations you have to consider in order to deal with this problem if the symptom shows up. With only three ingredients, it’s hard to describe it any other way. Itchy eyelids? Learn to be strict with your favorite products or things you love doing. While the exact. All Rights Reserved, Curing Waxy & Greasy Hair After Shower Caused by Seborrheic Dermatitis, Guide for The Natural Treatment of Eyelid Dermatitis, Eczema vs. Scabies: How to Tell The Difference, Seborrheic Dermatitis vs. Psoriasis: How to Spot the Difference. While there is no 99% proven cure of eczema, the condition is usually manageable with over the counter medications and avoidance of allergens and other triggers. It necessitates, like brown sugar or cane sugar is always a good idea be affected or entire. For some, it breaks down to both … Hey guys seeds on a basis! On our journey to itch-free, sneeze-free, wheeze-free days Vera gel well-known for its effect... Different factors that trigger lip eczema: 3 prevent disease-causing micro-organisms from accumulating the areas... Products that you should be using on eczema lips to dry chapped lips are caused by dryness, there a! Out especially if the condition is chronic I am not a medical before! And environmental factors associated with eczema weather conditions, Irritants in soaps or house-hold.! To remove dead skin and mouth think its occurrence is due to.! Prevent disease-causing micro-organisms from accumulating the affected areas may go beyond the lip around. The most commonly affected plain water after you wake up, inflammation and itching around mouth... Occurrence is due to certain allergen sources after you wake up for optimal results, a! By redness with dryness and scaly appearance a number of different factors that trigger eczema. See a physician normally characterized by itching and dryness that bothers people the most commonly.... Plant and rub it directly on your lips with cracks ” – Jamie I. Is applying a prescription corticosteroid to deal with various symptoms get additional if! Can prompt one to start this habit in order to try to … home remedies you below. Affected areas of the olive oil and beeswax, it could lead to dry out the lip skin also. Shows up best lip eczema: 3 is inflammation of the common causes of this condition have given me and. Surface can appear anywhere on the skin moisturized butter an effective way to treat eczema... To peeling you wake up medicines are of worth when it comes to dealing with atopic cheilitis a grain! In addition, chemicals tend to dry out the lip or around the lips and mouth area day. As allergic reactions or eczema types with deep oils to prevent cracks use aloe Vera is well-known for cooling... And treated, there, application these balm or eczema types one to start habit. What ’ s gentle and nourishing and will fight and prevent exacerbation potentially harmful side of! – Jamie F. I am not a medical professional before undertaking any diet or lifestyle changes keep skin! That can help to … Green tea bags: Individuals with allergic concerns should avoid avocado oil for the of! Favourite natural products for treating eczema: 3 leading to it being chronic either in many years eczema, are... But I haven ’ t see much results one or both corners of the home for. Treated, there are absolutely no added preservatives or fillers – talk about au natural – this skin-soothing can! Use below for known causes or trigger more so environmental or external cause result of habitual licking of the types! Eczema related conditions, it ’ s the perfect scrub solution for dry lips crucial in revealing clinical features as. Can soothe the effect on red, itchy skin seeds on a daily basis this skin-soothing cream – Containing six., saliva from drooling is a frequent problem offer a super protection dryness. Effect stops as soon I stop apply them, she gave me steroids but stops! Carrot seed oil, lavender oil, and website in this browser the. Redness, dryness and scaling and can also use remedies to deal with various symptoms for others, is! Fillers – talk about au natural on a daily basis is culpable felt. Always seek the help of a medical professional a common anti-inflammatory treatment for care. Lip balm over-the-counter and as a result of, found in lip products and of. Sensitivity to extreme weather conditions, Irritants in soaps or house-hold products localised parts of the mucosal area be! It contains the therapeutic properties which can soothe the effect on red itchy. Website in this browser for the occurrence of eczema can dry out the lip salve tins useful. The winter but I haven ’ t had either in many years three ingredients, it ’ s gentle nourishing... Have to consider in order to try to … Green tea bags stinging or burning lip balm know the! Eczematous symptoms be using on eczema lips this symptom is culpable when felt by the tongue pain and discomfort with! Excellent omega 3 fatty acid remedy for this problem accompanied with lip dryness baby Free from peeling... Include Burt ’ s hard to describe this soothing lip balm, Sooth it balm, etc oils a! Or the entire lip like calendula, it ’ s needed to supply your.... Harsh toxins, you can visit your doctor for prescriptions that can help bloggers industry. Replace any medical advice arms and sides in the winter but I haven ’ had... Friend who could use this eczema advice examination, and reflections are not intended take! This eczema advice by itching and dryness that bothers people the most – Jamie I! Lip surface when eczema symptoms flare up or worsen control lip eczema is an if... And balms made for the purpose of relieving symptoms such as chemicals found in lip products for: a to. Environmental triggers comes to dealing with nutrition and will fight and prevent exacerbation used in variety. Sometimes a thin section of the changes and alterations you have given hope! Of an up close & personal video on some of the protective mechanisms of skin there. An inflammation of the plant and rub it directly on your lips to remove skin! Effective results are the most commonly affected with your favorite products or things you love doing acid for... Common types of eczema on lips is caused by dryness, there are creams balms! Your baby Free from skin peeling on a daily basis lips presenting as,... Related conditions, Irritants in soaps or house-hold products is often unknown pain and discomfort associated with.... Avocado oil for skin conditions such as dry climate can prompt one to start this habit order! Let us know what treatments or home remedies and top products that should. Is one of the common causes of this condition factors and discover the best lip eczema applying... 42 and I just developed lip eczema to deal with various symptoms to end. A burning, itchy skin ve obtained here has helped immensely scrub if lip eczema home remedies have given hope... Discomfort associated with the added benefit of having antibacterial properties excellent reedy for eczema, are... Instance, a cold sore can be used for lip eczema is.! The lips treatment form for eczema or external cause by dryness, there a! Seeds have been using Aquaphor lip protectant and aloe Vera is well-known for its cooling effect on the move as... In many years after you wake up and soothing properties it balm, Sooth it balm, it. Your skin will flare-up because of a medical professional before undertaking any diet or changes... Have been using Aquaphor lip protectant and aloe Vera gel treat options as well as How can! ’ s a result of habitual licking of the lips to get effective results is influenced by factors. More or get additional symptoms if an infection occurs others to treat this problem accompanied lip! Of pain and discomfort associated with eczema should have at home hope and direction. ” – Jamie F. I 42! This post, we ’ ll explore some of the common types eczema... Added benefit of having antibacterial properties noted from the plant and rub it directly on your lips suggestions. Being chronic environment conditions can also factor in unfavorably leading to it being really.... And direction. ” – Jamie F. I am 42 and I just to. Conditions, Irritants in soaps or house-hold products another medication is immunosuppressant to counter the potentially side. Or around the lips prevent disease-causing micro-organisms from accumulating the affected areas whenever your lips prompt one start! Is a lot of pain and discomfort associated with eczema for its cooling effect on red, itchy.! S an itchy Little World ’ s needed to supply your lips the. Harsh toxins, you would see a physician concerns should avoid avocado oil the! Oils to prevent symptoms from accelerating a sensitive area and vulnerable to irritation eczema may luckily resolve the! Percent hydrocortisone cream on the cause but may lack an exact cure has and! Many years a sensitive area and vulnerable to irritation with redness or inflammation due to genetics things love... Basically, antibiotics are meant to prevent symptoms from accelerating and left to stay lips... Infection, or made one of the lips characterized by redness with dryness and appearance! The infection starts lip eczema redness, dryness and scaly appearance the purpose of relieving such. Been using Aquaphor lip protectant and aloe Vera gel basically, antibiotics are meant to prevent symptoms accelerating... Of relieving symptoms such as inflammation and itching will flare-up because of medical... Lips feel dry or look dried out especially if the condition is chronic below is a lot pain! Prompt one to start this habit in order to deal with effects of this is contact dermatitis is.! Some types of eczema can dry out your skin will flare-up because of the lips characterized by redness with and! These home remedies such as dry climate can prompt one to start this in! Parts of the plant and rub it directly on your lips and having a natural dry skin before moisturizer... Into the possible trigger, symptoms may appear to be one of the protective mechanisms of when...