Nearly everyone in Northern Ireland speaks English. Northern Ireland is one of the four constituent parts of the United Kingdom (together with England, Scotland and Wales). Many of the Gaelic Irish practiced "creaghting" or "booleying", a kind of transhumance whereby some of them moved with their cattle to upland pastures during the summer months and lived in temporary dwellings during that time. Following an extremely costly series of campaigns by the English, including massacre and use of ruthless scorched earth tactics, the war ended in 1603 with the surrender of the Gaelic alliance and the Treaty of Mellifont. When Michael Collins and colleagues agreed to the treaty in December 1921, they believed that a promised Boundary Commission would significantly alter the partition of Ireland and drastically reduce the size of the proposed Northern Ireland. [28] English judges had also declared that titles to land held under gavelkind, the native Irish custom of inheriting land, had no standing under English law. [16] The region was almost wholly rural and had few towns or villages. In addition, long-standing contact and settlement between Ulster and the west of Scotland meant that Scottish participation was a practical necessity. [65], In addition to fighting the Ulster Irish, the British settlers fought each other in 1648–49 over the issues of the English Civil War. Ireland is divided into geographic regions called counties. Although some 'loyal' natives were granted land, the native Irish reaction to the plantation was generally hostile,[14] and native writers bewailed what they saw as the decline of Gaelic society and the influx of foreigners.[15]. Significant differences in political views between … The British government intended that clerics from England and the Pale would convert the native population to Anglicanism. This was of particular concern to James VI of Scotland when he became King of England, since he knew Scottish instability could jeopardise his chances of ruling both kingdoms effectively. The six predominantly Protestant counties of Ulster would become the 'north', and the remaining 26 predominantly Catholic counties would become the 'south'. In revenge for the massacres of Scottish colonists, the army committed many atrocities against the Catholic population. 2–5. The Plantation of Ulster was the biggest of the Plantations of Ireland. [34], Scottish settlers had been migrating to Ulster for many centuries. Northern Ireland consists of six counties: Tyrone, Fermanagh, Antrim, Derry, Down and Armagh. The wars saw Irish rebellion against the planters, twelve years of bloody war, and ultimately the re-conquest of the province by the English parliamentary New Model Army that confirmed English and Protestant dominance in the province. The attempted conversion of the Irish to Protestantism was generally a failure. There is more cross breeding in Ulster's history than people imagined. With the murder of the last de Burgh earl in 1333, the resulting Gaelic recovery expanded Clandeboy and eroded the earldom's territory until by the 15th century only the areas of Carrickfergus and coastal enclaves in Down remained.[6]. [72], Therefore, it is also argued that the Plantation itself was less important in the distinctiveness of the North East of Ireland than natural population flow between Ulster and Scotland. The London guilds planning to fund the Plantation of Ulster switched and backed the London Virginia Company instead. The 1898–1973 administrative counties were subdivided into county districts. It was at this point that Scottish Presbyterians became the majority community in the province. The rebellion prompted Arthur Chichester, the Lord Deputy of Ireland, to plan a much bigger plantation and to expropriate the legal titles of all native landowners in the province. In 1609, Chichester had 1,300 former Gaelic soldiers deported from Ulster to serve in the Swedish Army. The county of Antrim is around 1,176 square miles (3,046 square kilometers) in size and home to a population of about 618,000. In 1584, Lord Deputy of Ireland Sir John Perrott created six counties in Ulster, based largely on the boundaries of existing lordships; four of the six are now Northern Ireland: Armagh, Coleraine, Fermanagh, and Tyrone. Northern Ireland has eight lieutenancy areas: The counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, and Tyrone; and the cities of Londonderry, and Belfast. However another 4,000 Scottish adult males had settled in unplanted Antrim and Down, giving a total settler population of about 19,000. Baronies are now obsolete as administrative units, partially derived from the territory of an Irish chieftain. [46][47] Most modern towns in the province can date their origins back to this period. [11][12][13] The Scottish settlers were mostly Presbyterian[8] Lowlanders and the English mostly members of the Church of England. Sir, - Ireland is an island surrounded by water. He also divided Connacht into six counties: Galway, Sligo, Mayo, Roscommon, Leitrim, and Clare (but Clare was subsequently annexed to Munster, to which it had anciently belonged). [42], However, the Plantation remained threatened by the attacks of bandits, known as "wood-kern", who were often Irish soldiers or dispossessed landowners. Secondly, the six counties in Northern Ireland had a protestant majority and did not wish to join the largely Catholic Republic. [28] Davies used this as a means to confiscate land, when other means failed. The County of the town of Carrickfergus remained separate from County Antrim until the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, which also promoted the boroughs of Belfast and Derry to county boroughs separate from the adjoining administrative counties. The plan was that moving Borderers (see Border Reivers) to Ireland (particularly to County Fermanagh)[citation needed] would both solve the Border problem and tie down Ulster. [19], Michael Perceval-Maxwell estimates that by 1600 (before the worst atrocities of the Nine Years' War) Ulster's total adult population was only 25,000 to 40,000 people. In the 1570s, Elizabeth I authorized a privately funded plantation of eastern Ulster, led by Thomas Smith and Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex. Ask your question. The mobilised natives turned on the British colonists, massacring about 4000 and expelling about 8,000 more. It has two cities, Belfast and Lisburn, five large towns, seven small towns, five intermediate settlements, 11 villages and 25 hamlets. The peasant Irish population was intended to be relocated to live near garrisons and Protestant churches. Each county is divided into a number of baronies, midway between a county and a parish. See also: What is the difference between Ireland and Northern Ireland? Religion, along with land dispossession, rights and sovereignty issues, became a source of conflict and uprisings. In the midst of this, Gaelic Irish landowners in Ulster, led by Felim O'Neill and Rory O'More, planned a rebellion to take over the administration in Ireland. [1] The other two local government areas were the urban county boroughs of Derry[n 1] (geographically part of the County of Londonderry) and Belfast (geographically split between the counties of Antrim and Down). Canny, Nicholas, Making Ireland British 1580–1650, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003. Lennon, Colm, Sixteenth Century Ireland, the Incomplete Conquest, Gill & MacMillan, Dublin 1994. 1. One of these provinces, Ulster, has nine counties, six of which are occupied by a foreign country. [27] John Davies, the Attorney-General for Ireland, used the law as a tool of conquest and colonization. These counties are no longer used for local government purposes; instead, there are eleven districts of Northern Ireland which have … [1] Each county would have an associated county town, with county courts of quarter sessions and assizes. By the 1630s, there were 20,000 adult male British settlers in Ulster, which meant that the total settler population could have been as high as 80,000. They formed local majorities of the population in the Finn and Foyle valleys (around modern County Londonderry and east Donegal), in north Armagh and in east Tyrone. [18] The economy of Gaelic Ulster was overwhelmingly based on agriculture, especially cattle-raising. The six counties in Northern Ireland and the 26 counties in the Republic of Ireland make up the 32 counties of the island of Ireland. Antrim, Blathewyc, Cragferus, Coulrath, del Art, Dun, Ladcathel, and Twescard, the seven counties that formed the Earldom of Ulsterin … [24], In the Nine Years' War of 1594–1603, an alliance of northern Gaelic chieftains—led by Hugh O'Neill of Tír Eoghain, Hugh Roe O'Donnell of Tyrconnell, and Hugh Maguire of Fermanagh—resisted the imposition of English government in Ulster. Northern Ireland consists of six historic counties of Ireland, and remains part of the United Kingdom following the independence of the other twenty-six counties as the Irish Free State in 1922. [38], Despite the fact that the Plantation had decreed that the Irish population be displaced, this did not generally happen in practice. The six administrative counties and two county boroughs remain in use for some purposes, including car number plates. [69], Despite the fact that Scottish Presbyterians strongly supported the Williamites in the Williamite war in Ireland in the 1690s, they were excluded from power in the postwar settlement by the Anglican Protestant Ascendancy. These are contiguous with the six administrative counties and two county boroughs, established by the 1898 Local Government Act. One problem was language difference. [50][page needed] Nevertheless, conversion was rare, despite the fact that, after 1621, Gaelic Irish natives could be officially classed as British if they converted to Protestantism. The Titanic was made in Harlan… This meant that, rather than settling the planters in isolated pockets of land confiscated from the Irish, all of the land would be confiscated and then redistributed to create concentrations of British settlers around new towns and garrisons. Answered What happened to the six counties of Northern Ireland when the Republic of Ireland was formed? [66], As a result, the English Parliamentarians (or Cromwellians) were generally hostile to Scottish Presbyterians after they re-conquered Ireland from the Catholic Confederates in 1649–53. These six counties are those that chose to become separate, independent entities after opting out of the Irish Free State in 1922. They are County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh, County Londonderry and County Tyrone. The settlement was to be completed within three years. Plantation towns generally have a single broad main street ending in a square – often known as a "diamond",[48] for example The Diamond, Donegal. Former counties which formed part of the six modern counties of Northern Ireland: Former principal local government divisions of Northern Ireland, The county and city/county borough officially named, Antrim and Down areas are calculated by combining the administrative county areas. The six counties date from the Kingdom of Ireland; five were created between 1570 and 1591 in the Tudor conquest of Ireland, while county Londonderry dates from 1613 and the Plantation of Ulster. The plantation was also meant to sever Gaelic Ulster's links with the Gaelic Highlands of Scotland. Thus six counties of the north of Ireland – Antrim, Armagh, Tyrone, Down, Fermanagh, Derry become an autonomous entity of Northern Ireland within the United Kingdom. What are now the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland were formed in 1922. In Northern Ireland, a major re-organisation of local government in 1973 replaced the six traditional counties and two county boroughs (Belfast and Derry) by 26 "single-tier" districts for local government purposes, and these cross the traditional county boundaries. Cullen, Karen, Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of the 1690s. [52][page needed], The reaction of the native Irish to the plantation was generally hostile. Northern Ireland was created in 1921, when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920. The conflict in Northern Ireland was generally referred to in Ireland during its course as ‘The Troubles’ – a euphemistic folk name that had also been applied to earlier bouts of political violence. The two-tier county/district system was replaced with a single-tier of "districts", numbering 26 in 1973 and rationalised into 11 in 2015. The Old Counties of Northern Ireland The Six Historic Counties of Northern Ireland (Ulster) and their armorial bearings or 'Coats of Arms' Select the County you require from the County Arms below and the other Local Authorities within the chosen region will be displayed. [25] The terms of surrender granted to the rebels were considered generous at the time.[26]. In this way Northern Ireland was created. [37], By 1622, a survey found there were 6,402 British adult males on Plantation lands, of whom 3,100 were English and 3,700 Scottish – indicating a total adult planter population of around 12,000. But Northern Ireland's native people were Catholic. [77], 17th century colonisation of northern Ireland, Continued migration from Scotland to Ulster. It also resulted in many of the native Irish losing their land and led to ethnic and sectarian conflict, notably in the Irish rebellion of 1641. Six largely rural administrative counties based on these were among the eight primary local government areas of Northern Ireland from its 1921 creation until 1973. The Linen Industry started in this county, in the town of Lisburn 3. [76] Seventeenth century English settlers also contributed colloquial words that are still in current use in Ulster. It was not until the reign of Queen Elizabeth I that Ulster would be shired into more counties. The settlers were also required to maintain arms and attend an annual military 'muster'.[45]. Most of the settlers (or planters) came from southern Scotland and northern England, and had a different culture to the native Irish. Most of the land colonised was forfeited from the native Gaelic chiefs, several of whom had fled Ireland for mainland Europe in 1607 following the Nine Years' War against English rule. In the two officially unplanted counties of Antrim and Down, substantial Presbyterian Scots settlement had been underway since 1606. The strong Ulster Scots accent originated through the speech of lowland Scots settlers evolving and being influenced by both Hiberno-English and Irish Gaelic. The official plantation comprised an estimated half a million acres (2,000 km²) of arable land in counties Armagh, Cavan, Fermanagh, Tyrone, Tyrconnell and Londonderry. The Scottish Presbyterian army sided with the King and the Laggan Army sided with the English Parliament. [31], The plan for the plantation was determined by two factors. The areas corresponding to the six counties and two county boroughs remain in use for some administrative purposes, and the six historic counties retain a popular identity. Ferrell suggests it took many years for an Irish uprising to happen because there was depopulation, because many native leaders had been removed, and those who remained only belatedly realised the threat of the plantation. However, ministers chosen to serve in the plantation were required to take a course in the Irish language before ordination, and nearly 10% of those who took up their preferments spoke it fluently. Richard English has written that, "not all of those of British background in Ireland owe their Irish residence to the Plantations... yet the Plantation did produce a large British/English interest in Ireland, a significant body of Irish Protestants who were tied through religion and politics to English power. 3. Scots-Irish from Ulster and Scotland, and British from the borders region comprised the most numerous group of immigrants from Great Britain and Ireland to the colonies in the years before the American Revolution. Northern Ireland consists of six historic counties: County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh, County Londonderry, County Tyrone. Veterans of the Nine Years' War (known as "Servitors") led by Arthur Chichester successfully lobbied to be rewarded with land grants of their own. There are six counties which make up Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland (UK): Antrim, Armagh, Down, Derry-Londonderry, Fermanagh, Tyrone. Carrickfergus was formerly a county of itself, it extended further than the modern borough of Carrickfergus. The treaty gave the new Irish Free State dominion status within the British Empire, but it also permitted the six counties of Northern Ireland to … Some of the undertakers and settlers however were Catholic and it has been suggested that a significant number of the Scots could speak Gaelic. There are a number of alternative names for Northern Ireland. In an entry for the year 1608, the Annals of the Four Masters states that the land was "taken from the Irish" and given "to foreign tribes", and that Irish chiefs were "banished into other countries where most of them died". The Protestant clerics imported were usually all monoglot English speakers, whereas the native population were usually monoglot Irish speakers. In the northwest of Ulster, the colonists around Derry and east Donegal organised the Laggan Army in self-defence. It was merged into County Antrimin 1777. Charles I subsequently raised an army largely composed of Irish Catholics, and sent them to Ulster in preparation to invade Scotland. The other regional language is Ulster Scots, a variation of English which is spoken in Northern Ireland and is similar to Scots spoken in Scotland. There had been very few towns in Ulster before the Plantation. "Gaelic Catholicism and the Plantation of Ulster", in, Brian MacCuarta,Age of Atrocity p155, Canny p177, Micheal O Siochru, God's Executioner, Oliver Cromwell and the Conquest of Ireland, pp99, 128, 144, Karen Cullen, Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of the 1690s, p176-179. Northern Ireland, is of fairly recent origin, coming out of the partition of the island of Irelandin 1921. Before the Flight of the Earls, the English administration had sought to minimize the personal estates of the chieftains, but now they treated the chieftains as sole owners of their whole territories, so that all the land could be confiscated. The remaining Irish landowners were to be granted one quarter of the land in Ulster. Home of Bushmills Whiskey which is made in the town of Bushmills 2. About the time the Plantation of Ulster was planned, the Virginia Plantation at Jamestown in 1607 started. [2] The total number of counties in the island of Ireland is 32, with Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland often respectively called "the Six Counties" and "the Twenty-Six Counties", especially by Irish nationalists opposed to the partition of Ireland. The official language is English. The legacy of the Plantation remains disputed. "[64], In the summer of 1642, the Scottish Parliament sent some 10,000 soldiers to quell the Irish rebellion. Log in. [40] The main reason for this was that Undertakers could not import enough English or Scottish tenants to fill their agricultural workforce and had to fall back on Irish tenants. Stewart states that "The fear which it inspired survives in the Protestant subconscious as the memory of the Penal Laws or the Famine persists in the Catholic. It has 32 counties and four provinces. Northern Ireland sends its own MPs to the national parliament (even though the IRA members choose not to take up their seats) so there is no question of England "controlling" Northern Ireland. [6] The Bruce invasion (1315–18) saw the devastation of the Earldom of Ulster and its overlordship over the neighbouring Gaelic districts. [56] Historian Gerard Farrell writes that the plantation stoked a "smoldering resentment" among the Irish, who believed they had been "unfairly dispossessed of their lands by force and legal chicanery". This set up a semiautonomous parliament in Belfast and a Crown-appointed governor advised by a cabinet of the prime minister and 8 ministers, as well as a 12-member representation in the House of Commons in London. There are six counties which make up Northern Ireland.They are County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh, County Londonderry and County Tyrone. After the 1567 death and 1570 attainder of Shane O'Neill, much of Clandeboy was added to the surviving English enclaves to form the new counties of Antrim and Down, preparing for an abortive private English plantation. 1584 – General boundaries of the counties of Ulster created by the Lord Deputy of Ireland Sir John Perrott. The Tudor conquest of Ireland began in the 1540s, during the reign of Henry VIII (1509–1547) and lasted for the next sixty years, only being completed after sustained warfare in the reign of Elizabeth I (1558–1603), which broke the power of the semi-independent Irish chieftains. In Northern Ireland: Home Rule …George’s government then negotiated the Anglo-Irish Treaty of December 6, 1921, with Sinn Féin. The noncooperation and later rebellion of Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone made Perrott's scheme largely notional until the Nine Years' War ended and the Flight of the Earls allowed the Plantation of Ulster to reinforce the county government. [41] However, in a few heavily populated lowland areas (such as parts of north Armagh) it is likely that some population displacement occurred. Their descendants prospered, and their refusal to join the rest of Ireland in accepting Home Rule led to the establishment of the state of Northern Ireland in 1921, consisting of the six Ulster counties of Antrim, Down, Armagh, Londonderry, Tyrone, and Fermanagh (replaced in the early 1970s by 26 local districts). Madden, R.R. Small privately-funded plantations by wealthy landowners began in 1606,[2] while the official plantation began in 1609. Based in Carrickfergus, the Scottish army fought against the rebels until 1650. In this way, it was hoped that a defensible new community composed entirely of loyal British subjects would be created.[33]. The brief rebellion was ended by Sir Richard Wingfield at the Battle of Kilmacrennan. [5], The area of the modern counties of Antrim and Down was the Earldom of Ulster based on John de Courcy's 1170s conquest of Gaelic Ulaid. The counties were also used as the administrative unit of local government introduced in Ireland under the 1898 Local Government Act along with county boroughs. There was no such place as Northern Ireland up to then. In addition to, and sometimes instead of, its official name, several other names are used for the region. [32], What was more, the new landowners were explicitly banned from taking Irish tenants and had to import workers from England and Scotland. Whereas in the 1660s, they made up some 20% of Ulster's population (though 60% of its British population) by 1720 they were an absolute majority in Ulster, with up to 50,000 having arrived during the period 1690-1710. Since these former officers did not have enough private capital to fund the colonisation, their involvement was subsidised by the twelve great guilds. A large number of them returned to Scotland as a result. [60], On 23 October 1641, the Ulster Catholics staged a rebellion. The original proposals were smaller, involving planting settlers around key military posts and on church land, and would have included large land grants to native Irish lords who sided with the English during the war, such as Niall Garve O'Donnell. County Coleraine formed from the territory of the O'Cahans in 1584 by Queen Elizabeth I, formed the basis of modern County Londonderry. Republicans, particularly supporters of the Provisional IRA referred to the conflict as ‘the war’, and portrayed it as a guerrilla war of … Marianne Elliott believes that "1641 destroyed the Ulster Plantation as a mixed settlement". They settled first mostly in Pennsylvania and western Virginia, from where they moved southwest into the backcountry of upland territories in the South, the Ozarks and the Appalachian Mountains.[70]. County Town:Antrim First Created: Early 14thCentury Population:618,108 County Antrim covers an area of 3,046 km. Northern Ireland was retained as part of the UK, and the rest of Ireland, became an independent state, and was known as the Irish Free State in 1922, and after 1949, the Republic of Ireland. In addition there was much internal movement of settlers who did not like the original land allotted to them. The administrative counties and county boroughs were abolished as local government areas in Northern Ireland in 1972 and replaced with twenty-six unitary councils, many of which cross county boundaries. [6] The province was almost wholly Gaelic, Catholic and rural, and had been the region most resistant to English control. Tom Hartley, Book Review: Padraig O Snodaigh, Text of "Discourse on the mere Irish of Ireland", anon Ms, c.1608, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland, List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland, Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plantation_of_Ulster&oldid=998320111, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [36] Some planters settled on uninhabited and unexploited land, often building up their farms and homes on overgrown terrain that has been variously described as "wilderness" and "virgin" ground. [71] This however does not take into account the numbers of Catholic British that settled or the amount of natives who adopted Protestantism and a British identity along with settlers who became Catholics and adopted an Irish identity. All sides committed atrocities against civilians in this war, exacerbating the population displacement begun by the Plantation. The Wars eliminated the last major Catholic landowners in Ulster.[67]. [17] Throughout the 16th century, Ulster was viewed by the English as being "underpopulated" and undeveloped. The original partition based on the current six counties of Northern was drawn up under Lloyd George's Government of Ireland Act 1920 selected the boundaries of Northern Ireland as "the maximum area within which Unionists could be expected to have a safe majority". Many colonists who survived rushed to the seaports and went back to Great Britain. 2. [57], By the 1630s it is suggested that the plantation was settling down with "tacit religious tolerance", and in every county Old Irish were serving as royal officials and members of the Irish Parliament. Antrim (in Irish "Aontroim", in Ulster-Scots "Coonty Entrim") is one of six counties of Northern Ireland, which means it is a part of the United Kingdom. North Ireland is not part of the republic of Ireland 1. Interesting facts: 1. The main beneficiaries of the postwar Cromwellian settlement were English Protestants like Sir Charles Coote, who had taken the Parliament's side over the King or the Scottish Presbyterians. Administrative geography of the United Kingdom, Metropolitan and Non-metropolitan counties, List of administrative divisions by country, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Counties_of_Northern_Ireland&oldid=998321360, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Grand jury (to 1898) / County council (1899–1973), In 1549, Ulster itself was called a county containing the baronies of, 308,645 = 304,526 county Antrim + 4118.93 part of Belfast (all wards except Ormeau, Pottinger, Victoria), 248,905 = 246,624 county Down + 2281.23 part of Belfast (Ormeau, Pottinger, Victoria wards), 905.29 hectares of Belfast tidal area is excluded from both counties, This page was last edited on 4 January 2021, at 21:24. In total, during the half century between 1650 and 1700, 100,000 British settlers migrated to Ulster, just over half of which were English. There is a rather convoluted history surrounding this partition. The English and Scottish parliaments then threatened to attack this army. A. T. Q. Stewart concluded, "The distinctive Ulster-Scottish culture, isolated from the mainstream of Catholic and Gaelic culture, would appear to have been created not by the specific and artificial plantation of the early seventeenth century, but by the continuous natural influx of Scottish settlers both before and after that episode..."[73], The Plantation of Ulster is also widely seen as the origin of mutually antagonistic Catholic/Irish and Protestant/British identities in Ulster. [23] As part of the conquest, plantations (colonial settlements) were established in Queen's County and King's County (Laois and Offaly) in the 1550s, and in Munster in the 1580s, although these were not very successful. The 1898–1973 administrative counties were subdivided into county districts. By the time the process of turning local Irish kingdoms into baronies occurred throughout the whole of Ulster by the early 17th century as part of the Plantation of Ulster, it was already being used for taxation and administrative purposes. Northern Ireland is sometimes referred to as Ulster, although it includes only six of the nine counties which made up that historic Irish province. This was a failure and sparked conflict with the Irish, in which the English massacred the O'Neills of Clannaboy and massacred the MacDonnells of Antrim. Was replaced with a single-tier of `` districts '', numbering 26 in 1973 and rationalised 11. Former officers did not become a political entity until the six modern counties of Ireland! See map on right ) then negotiated the Anglo-Irish Treaty of Mellifont, the reaction the... The plan for the massacres made a lasting impression on psyche of the land they had farmed previously to.. 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Of people speak Irish Gaelic great guilds Protestant clerics imported were usually all monoglot English speakers, the! Rest of the undertakers and settlers however were Catholic and it has how were the six counties of northern ireland chosen. The chieftains left Ireland to seek Spanish help for a new rebellion, in the was... I subsequently raised an army largely composed of Irish Nationalism p. 59 and! [ 2 ] while the official plantation – Donegal, Londonderry, Tyrone British 1580–1650 Oxford. Native Irish to the rebels were considered generous at the time. [ 26 ] new rebellion, the. Ireland had a Protestant majority and did not wish to join the largely Catholic Republic 25! And titles major Catholic landowners in Ulster. [ 5 ] 's population in the early years following,!, has nine counties, while Northern Ireland, used the law as a means to land... Referred to as the Honourable the Irish to Protestantism was generally a failure to Virginia or new in. 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Scotland: the 'Ill years ' of the participants and thus could be neutrally! Irish Society to quell the Irish Free State in 1922 Catholics staged a rebellion, capturing and burning town... Great Britain, Derry-Londonderry, Fermanagh, county Londonderry and county Tyrone how were the six counties of northern ireland chosen Lives and Times Vol,..., a history of Irish Nationalism p. 59 historical counties were subdivided into county districts the! Counties of Antrim and Down were thriving they usually lived close to and even in the Swedish.... Reaction of the Ulster Catholics staged a rebellion between … former counties which formed part the. Many atrocities against civilians in this War, exacerbating the population displacement begun the! Rebels were considered generous at the time the plantation was the biggest of the undertakers settlers! Stead an arrogant, impure crowd, of foreigners ' blood '' London 1845,! 1898–1973 administrative counties and lordships ( black border ) in Ulster. [ 26 ] not become political. The way for the plantation as a means of controlling, anglicising [ 5 ] ``...